grade 9/ icse/ ecosystem notes

ECOSYSTEMS

ECOSYSTEM—it’s a self contained area composed of all different organisms in it, interacting with each other along with the physical conditions

Pond ecosystem-

producer	consumers		decomposers
floating plants and submerged plants prepare there own food- photosynthesis, oxygen is produced by them and its used by the aquatic animals	primary- the fishes and frogs which depend on the plants for there food and nutrition secondary- big fishes which eat the small fishes		are the organisms which decay and clean up all the dead plant and animal material in the ecosystem and release the elements back into the atmosphere
BIOTIC COMPONENT/living component		ABIOTIC COMPONENT/non living components
The living part of the ecosystem like plants animals and microbes		Physical factors like temperature, climate, water, humidity

 forest ecosystem-

Producers	Consumers	decomposers
Trees, grass, shrubs, herbs                    [autotrophs]- which can prepare there own food with the help of sunlight, air and water	Primary consumers/herbivores- which depends on the producers- deer, rabbit, etc Secondary consumers/ carnivores- which depend on the primary consumer for there food and nutrition Lion, tifer, wolf Tertiary consumers/ scavengers- the birds like eagle and vulture which eat the dead remains	The micro organisms which will breakdown the dead and decay matter and release all the nutrient materials back into the atmosphere

trophic level- each level of organisms are arranged in the different level based on there characteristics

Flora- the plants naturally occurring in a particular area

Fauna- animals which are present in a particular area

	Gir forest-gujarat	Jim Corbett national park- uttarkhand	Jaladpara sanctuary- West Bengal
Flora	Peepal, acacia, neem	Pine trees, shrubs	Banyan trees
Fauna	Bears, dogs, cats, rats, kites, vultures
Important animals	lion	tiger	rhinoceras

PYRAMID -

ABIOTIC FACTORS-

sunlight	Air	Water	Warmth	soil
Photosynthesis	Oxygen for animals Medium of flight for birds Agents of wing pollination	Water cycle	All metabolic activities of plants and animals	Substrate of plants, home for many animals , insects

FORESTS FLORA AND FAUNA

	Tropical rain forests	Temperate deciduous forests	Coniferous forests
Location	West coast of india, north east Himalayas	North china, korea, japan, east north America, Australia	N. America, N. eurasia
Flora	Evergreen trees, bamboos, ferns, shrubs	Pine, oaks, birch	Fir and pine
Fauna	Jungle cats, leapord, centipede, millipedes, flying squirrels	Moths, beetles, deer wolves, foxes	Squirrel, deere, goat, wolves, robin and sparrow

FOOD CHAIN- in the sequence of organisms in which each organism eats the lower and is itself eaten by th next higher member

FOOD WEB- is a pattern of several interconnecting food chain

FOOD PYRAMIDS-

RISKS IN THE ECOSYSTEM-

·         Increased industrialization decreases the animals and forests areas

·         Climatic changes

·         Vector borne disease

·         Shortage of food and resources

·         Ecological degradation

NEED TO RESTORE THE ECOSYSTEM-

·         Protect the nature

·         Protect the wildlife, rivers, forests

·         NO POLLUTION

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